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Center of gravity: a meeting point of amuzing demos, exciting geometry and computer simulation
Nataliya Nedbaylo
Institute for Low Temperature Physics NAS of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine
Alexander Kazachkov
Kharkov National University, Kharkov, Ukraine



GIREP Seminar
2003


The notion of Center of Gravity, one of the most basic mechanical concepts, was applied to geometry by its very first researcher, Archimedes. Ever since, it was fruitfully used to solve a variety of mathematical problems, often seemingly nothing to do with mechanics. Pappos and Guldin, L’Huillier and Möbius have strongly contributed to the field, while Gibbs has proposed to determine concentrations of the components of complex chemical mixtures using the concept of Gravity Center. It is needless to remind important technical aspects of the problem.

In physics education, Center of Gravity is a very special chapter. The history of “gravi-central” studies itself is both exciting and instructive. A great deal of educationally valuable calculative and experimental exercises on the topic is scattered over the textbooks, lab manuals and books of physical problems. We have collected amusing hands-on activities – unusual balances first of all – proved to enforce students’ learning and to develop their experimental skills. Solution of purely geometrical problems using Mechanics (in particular, the Lever rule and the properties of the Center of Gravity) is another educationally efficient approach. In our experience, even better students’ understanding may be achieved here due to computer-based calculations and animation. Corresponding computer programs are designed and presented in our communication.

Our computer-based simulation also had a strong focus on the positioning of generally non-coinciding centers of gravity of a convex body and its boundary. Cases of two- and three-dimensional regular figures (with planar lines and two-dimensional surfaces for boundaries, respectively) were considered in search for amazingly interesting ones to have both gravity centers met in the same point.